Black Feminism The Theory Of Knowledge - 1362 Words

Black feminist thought has gained popularity in recent years and remains a noteworthy matter in view of the fact that in the United States black women form an oppressed group. Inequality entails a complex situation, in which oppression cannot be identified as one type, for example, race, gender, class or sexual preference. In this particular situation, we will acknowledge the challenges from the standpoint of black feminists. Patricia Hill Collins educates us through the four tenets of black epistemology, in addition to the contradictions against the scientific methods of social science; positivistic knowledge. Beyond the characteristics of epistemology, there are several key implications for black feminist thought. As we know it,†¦show more content†¦Black women cannot allow themselves to become clowns of the educated, hence, the use of the wisdom of knowing as a protective measure (Collins, 2002, p. 257). Black feminist epistemology then originates through the connectedness of their experiences. The second alternative epistemology is using dialogue to evaluate knowledge claims; the process of resisting the dominating theories of social science. The use of dialogues involves the participation of two subjects, it is not a positivistic one-way approach achieved through separating one’s self from the research being conducted. In this particular situation dialogue is created through interaction with other individuals of the community, unity rather than separation is essential to the knowledge validating process for black women. Dialogue has long been rooted in the African-American community through culture and oral traditions. In black feminist epistemology, stories and knowledge are preserved through the use of dialogue rather than adversarial debate. The third alternative epistemology is the ethics of caring, furthermore Collins tells us that there are three basic components addressed here. First, the uniqueness that each individual brings to the table. Each individual’s expression is different; however, each plays a part in the completeness of the community. Second, the appropriateness of emotions used in dialogue. The emotion used as theShow MoreRelatedBook Review: Black Feminist Thought (Patricia Hill Collins) Essay1077 Words   |  5 PagesAlexandra Bobet HIST 3119 Spring 2013 Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment (review) Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. Ed. By Patricia Hill Collins. (New York: Routledge, 2000. ii, 336 pp. Cloth, $128.28, ISBN 0-415-92483-9. Paper, $26.21, 0-415-92484-7.) Patricia Hill Collins’s work, Black Feminist Thought seeks to center Black Women into intersectionalist thought, addressing the power struggles thatRead MoreIn This Autoethnographic Narrative Study, I Relay My Lived1173 Words   |  5 Pages I relay my lived experience of being a Black female art educator in a high school and the obstacles in gathering diverse art education materials on race and gender. The absence of Black female artists artwork in the K-12 art education classroom fits within a broader array expounding on the White gaze and the differences of how we look and how we see people. Therefore, this study is informed by the literature and theories related to the White gaze of Black women, feminist art education, and intersectionalityRead MoreI Am a Woman, Too: Feminism to the Black Woman966 Words   |  4 Pagesdealing with issues of sexism, but also racism. Many movements have helped black women during the past centuries to overcome sexism, racism, and adversiti es that were set against them. History tells us that movements such as the Feminist Movement helped empower all women, but this fact is not totally true. In this paper, I will discuss feminism, the movements, and its minimal affects on black women. The word feminism comes from the word fà ©minisme, which was thought of by Utopian socialist CharlesRead MoreI Am A Woman,Too: Feminism To The Black Woman Essay examples941 Words   |  4 Pagesdealing with issues of sexism, but also racism. Many movements have helped black women during the past centuries to overcome sexism, racism, and adversities that were set against them. History tells us that movements such as the Feminist Movement helped empower all women, but this fact is not totally true. In this paper, I will discuss feminism, the movements, and its minimal affects on black women. The word feminism comes from the word fà ©minisme, which was thought of by Utopian socialist CharlesRead MoreFeminism Empowerment Essays621 Words   |  3 PagesFeminism Empowerment The dictionary definition of feminism is stated: the movement for the political, social, and educational equality of women with men. Truth be told, feminism can mean a whole deal of things. It can mean women fighting for jobs that were mainly held by men with equal pay. It can mean women fighting for equal education in a so called male dominant world. Feminism can give lesbian women the chance to adopt and have children. These are just a few definitionsRead MoreUnder Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses1669 Words   |  7 PagesDiscourses,† Chandra Talpade Mohanty explores the simplified construction of the â€Å"third-world woman† in hegemonic feminist discourses. In contrast, in her essay â€Å"US Third-World Feminism: The Theory and Method of Oppositional Consciousness in the Postmodern World,† Chela Sandoval specifically analyzes â€Å"US third-world feminism† and how it is the model for not only oppositional political activity, but also consciousness in the United States and how this has not been recognized by hegemonic â€Å"western† feministRead MoreBell Hooks And The Feminist Movement872 Words   |  4 PagesBell Hooks was born in Kentucky on September 25, 1952. She went to all black schools until she was in high school, and after the shift to an integrated school she felt that black students were seen as not â€Å"really belonging† she says this experience â€Å"taught [her] the difference between education as the practice of freedom and education that merely strives to reinforce dominance.†(teaching to transgress 4). After high school she received her bachelor’s degree from stanford university and her master’sRead MoreJane Eyre, The Bluest Eye, And Feminism1422 Words   |  6 PagesPavit Singh Mr. Trott English 2 Honors Period 5 15 May 2015 Jane Eyre, The Bluest Eye, and Feminism Feminism. It’s a big concept in society today, but has it always been that way? Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte is a famous work on the basis of her own experiences. In this novel, the author shapes a tough and independent woman who pursues true love and equality. In the Victorian period, the image of Jane Eyre cast a sharp contrast to the man-dominated society. She stands for a new lady who hasRead MoreBlack Feminist1005 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Oxford English Dictionary, Black Feminist can be defined as a movement consisting of African American women advocating social, political, legal, and economic rights for women equal to those of men (Oxford English Press). Black feminism argues that sexism, social class oppression, and racism are inseparably bound together (Collins). The feminist movement has been around since the 1880s when the word â€Å"Feminism† appeared in the French language (Collins). The word found traction in BritainRead MoreWomen s Roles Of Rep roduction1466 Words   |  6 Pagesclassicism, racism and sexism work together based on heterosexuality to oppress women in society. Therefore, rhetoricians claimed for solidarity and sisterhood despite the race and class differences existing among women. Consequently, female rhetoric theory focused on combining personal, sexual, and social struggles and viewing them as indivisibly linked. Female rhetoricians criticized the dual work performed by women at home and outside, demanded for equality in wages for equal work, and asked for the

Analysis Of The Article Female Chauvinist Pig Essay

Essay One: Gender Stereotyping Ariel Levy, a staff writer at the New Yorker, and author of the article â€Å"Female Chauvinist Pig† has brought up a very interesting topic about Raunch Culture. Now, what particularly is raunch culture? Raunch culture, in my own words, I can say is defined as a culture which allows a woman to participate in male-dominant cultures of raunch that deals a lot with sex in a way that is meant to be funny. Women who participate in this culture have to reject some of the things women are known to do, which they consider â€Å"girly-girl†. Although some things that they wear or do are considered â€Å"girly-girl†, women still have to embrace, acknowledge and accept certain male stereotypes in order to participate in raunch culture. To be effective in raunch culture, women have to embrace the way men express their feelings. Now if asked â€Å"how† men express their feelings, I can say they do mostly by taking action. For example, it is there as a stereotype that all men are sexually driven, but it is certainly not something that we always catch men saying. Well then how do they express it? They express it through their actions, what they do, what they watch and sometimes where they even go. A typical woman who would catch a partner doing things like this would probably go insane learning that the partner is doing those things. Why, is because the woman were brought up in a way to be organized, clean and sexually conservative. But what about the women s that appreciateShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Article Female Chauvinist Pigs By Ariel Levy1260 Words   |  6 PagesHow Labeling Can Leads to Oppression The American patriarchal society has set standards for what it means to be a man or a woman. In an excerpt from Ariel Levy’s book entitled Female Chauvinist Pigs, she argues that some women are attaining success in a male-dominated society by taking on what is perceived as â€Å"male† behavior as she highlights the increased participation of women in â€Å"raunch culture.† Raunch culture seems to be appealing to some women because they are able to use it for self-advancement

Banking industry in Australia- Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Questions: Discuss about the Market Structures of Banking in Australia. Answers: Introduction: The nature of a market mainly depends on the number of buyers and sellers present in the market, the type of good the market deals with, concentration of market powers and the freedom of entry and exit of new and old participants in the market. These factors cumulatively shape up a market for a particular good or service and together they give a more or less clear picture of conditions of the participating agents of the markets (Okuguchi and Szidarovszky 2012). Markets, in terms of economics, can be broadly divided into perfectly and imperfectly competitive types, with monopoly, oligopoly and monopolistic competitions falling in the latter category. The report discussed the problems that usually occur in an imperfectly competitive market. It specifically takes reference of the article, Australian watchdog says bank 'oligopoly' needs more reform, by Tom Westbrook and Byron Kaye, which focuses on the banking industry in Australia (Reuters.com, 2017). Essence of the Story: Four specific big players, namely the Australia and New Zealand Group of Banking, National Australia Bank, Commonwealth Bank and lastly the Westpac Banking Corporation, have long dominated the banking market in Australia. These four banking giants, giving the market an inevitable oligopolistic structure, significantly shadow the presence of other small players. According to the concerned article, the presence of oligopoly in the banking market has resulted in a significant concentration of market power in the hands of these four enterprises (Reuters.com, 2017). In fact, collectively these four giants form a cartel like structure, thereby controlling nearly four-fifth of the Australian banking sector, even pose as a credible threat of formation of future monopoly if they join hands, and operate together. However, these four banking enterprises are been accused of misusing their market power to substantial extent, for their personal profit maximization. The evidences of exploitation of their market powers are found in the series of scams and scandals regarding their operating methods (Shamsuddin and Xiang 2012). They are even accused of rigging of interest rates and scams in insurance policies, thereby becoming a cause of concern and anger among their clientele. People, as the article suggest, are losing confidence over the industry, thereby making this issue a cause of concern among the regulatory authorities. The presence of political support and lack of transparency are making the situation even worse and the sector needs to be subjected to extensive reforms and regulations in order to gain back peoples confidence (Tirole 2014). Economic Analysis: An oligopoly market is essentially one with a large number of buyers and a few sellers, thereby giving more market power in the hands of the sellers. One of the primary characteristics of this market is the strategic interdependence of the sellers, which implies that the strategic decisions of one of them are influenced by what strategies its fellow sellers are taking. The oligopoly market structure gives either rise to price war among the sellers or leads to formation of cartel and a collusive pricing strategy among them (Kopecky and Van Hoose 2012). Figure 1: Oligopolistic Market (Source: Created by author) The oligopoly market, as can be seen in the above diagram, has a kinked demand curve, due to presence of different elasticity of demand at different points. The equilibrium price and quantity levels are PE and QE respectively. From the above diagram, the existence of a gap between the cost of production and the price charged by the producers for the product can be clearly perceived (Dubovik and Janssen 2012). This provides support to the concerns raised in the chosen article, about the disparities in the cost and price structures by the above-mentioned banking enterprises and their extensive misusage of market power to maximize their own profits even at the cost of welfare of their clientele (Acharya, Gromb and Yorulmazer 2012). The threat of a possible formation of collusive monopoly by these four firms are credible to some extent and if that happens the gap between cost and pricing can be even more prominent, as can be shown in the following diagram: Figure 2: Monopoly Market (Source: Created by author) It is evident from Figure 2, that if monopoly occurs in the market, there will be presence of a substantial amount of economic profit, even in the long run, due to the presence of extreme market power and price making capacity in the hand of one particular enterprise or collusive structure, working as a monopoly (Acharya, Gromb and Yorulmazer 2012). In either ways, in a oligopolistic structure or a monopolistic environment, in absence of proper regulatory mechanisms, pricing disparities and misuse of market power by the sellers can be a common issue of concern, especially for those on the buyers side as they are the direct sufferers. The banking sector, as discussed in this report, is also experiencing a similar condition, the buyers being at the receiving end (Shamsuddin and Xiang 2012). Recommendations: In order to combat the situation discussed above and to lessen the lack of confidence of the clients of banking industry as a whole, it is essential to implement extensive reforms in this sector. The reforms can be primarily based on regulatory policies and a controlled interest rate mechanism, whereby the government of Australia monitors the interest rates set by these banking enterprises and intervenes if the rates cross a fixed upper and lower threshold. To break the oligopoly and the collusive structure, new entrants can be encouraged and can be given proper protection in order to secure them from being wiped off in face of stiff competition from these large banking enterprises (Corchn and Marcos 2012). Conclusion: Free market, in general, is desirable as this type of markets uniformly distributes market power among buyers and sellers, thereby eliminating the possibilities of inclination of the market in favor of any of the two participating agent groups. However, some markets show presence of imperfect competitions, as can be seen in the banking market of Australia, whose oligopolistic construct has led to misuse of market power by a few suppliers, leading to sufferings and anger among a large share of the clientele. This problem can be solved to a considerable extent by proper reforms in the form of strict and unbiased regulatory measure, monitoring systems and government intervention in the banking sector, as and when needed. Encouragement to small players can also be beneficial to form sufficient competition in the market, thereby reducing the market powers currently enjoyed by a few big players. References Acharya, V.V., Gromb, D. and Yorulmazer, T., 2012. Imperfect competition in the interbank market for liquidity as a rationale for central banking.American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics,4(2), pp.184-217. Corchn, L.C. and Marcos, F., 2012. Price regulation in oligopolistic markets.ISRN Economics,2012. Dubovik, A. and Janssen, M.C., 2012. Oligopolistic competition in price and quality.Games and Economic Behavior,75(1), pp.120-138. Kopecky, K.J. and Van Hoose, D.D., 2012. Imperfect competition in bank retail markets, deposit and loan rate dynamics, and incomplete pass through.Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,44(6), pp.1185-1205. Okuguchi, K. and Szidarovszky, F., 2012.The theory of oligopoly with multi-product firms. Springer Science Business Media. Reuters.com (2017).Australian watchdog says bank 'oligopoly' needs more reform. [online] U.S. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-australia-banks-idUSKCN12E0F3 [Accessed 24 Aug. 2017]. Shamsuddin, A. and Xiang, D., 2012. Does bank efficiency matter? Market value relevance of bank efficiency in Australia.Applied Economics,44(27), pp.3563-3572. Tirole, J., 2014. Market power and regulation.Scientific Background on the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.

Speech Analysis Essay Research Paper Speech AnalysisThe free essay sample

Address Analysis Essay, Research Paper Speech Analysis- The linguistic communication sample that was analyzed was taken from a kid 4 old ages and 11 months old. The entering took topographic point in the kid s sleeping room, and I was the lone other individual present. The sample analysis is based on about 15 proceedingss of address or 50 vocalizations. After transcribing the sample, I foremost calculated the Type Token Ratio ( TTR ) . The Type Token Ratio measures the kid s lexical diverseness. It is calculated by spliting the entire figure of different words by the entire figure of words. Your consequence is so compared to normative informations. The Type Token Ratio of my linguistic communication sample was.424, ensuing from the entire figure of 135 different words divided by the entire figure of 318 words. Comparing my consequence to the norm of a kid about the same age, there is a difference of.03. This means that the Type Token Ratio of my linguistic communication sample is non significantly under the mean. We will write a custom essay sample on Speech Analysis Essay Research Paper Speech AnalysisThe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The kid has about the same lexical diverseness as most kids her age. The 2nd analysis was a step of the kid s grammatical or syntactic development. This was determined by happening the Mean Length Utterance ( MLU ) . The Mean Length Utterance can be found by first adding up the entire figure of morphemes ( basic unit of intending ) in the sample and so spliting it by the entire figure of vocalizations, which was 50 in this instance. The entire figure of morphemes in the sample was 379. This resulted in a MLU of 7.58. Besides comparing this consequence to the scope of kids within one standard divergence of the predicted MLU, it can be seen that the kid is over the normal scope of 4.44-6.82. This could intend that the kid is somewhat in front in syntactic development for her age, but it besides must be taken into a count that this was merely calculated from 50 vocalizations, which is a little representation of the kid s address and development. The syntactic analysis was used to find different phases of lingual development based on the Production Characteristics of Linguistic Development Organized by Brown s Stages in the countries of negation, yes/no inquiries, wh- inquiries, and complex sentences. For negation, the most frequent and besides most advanced phase was Late V, which is the highest phase of negation recorded on the chart. Merely one yes/no inquiry vocalization was recorded in the linguistic communication sample and that fell into Stage III, which marks a yes/no inquiry with lifting modulation. Accor donging to the chart, Stage III develops between 31 to 41 months old. Besides merely one wh- inquiry vocalization was recorded and that fell into the Late I/Early II Stage. This phase of development comes between 23 to 31 months. The kid exhibited the most frequent degree of complex sentences at Early IV, nevertheless, the most advanced was Late V. Although at first glimpse it may be thought that the kid is behind because the highest degree is non ever the most frequent, that is non the instance. Even though the kid may non utilize her most advanced degree often, the fact that she has used it at some point in the linguistic communication sample proves that she has to some extent mastered that degree. Harmonizing to this sample, the kid seems to be developing usually since there are no important failings. The concluding portion of the analysis concerned the kid s matter-of-fact development. After looking at each vocalization and sorting them harmonizing to Dore s Conversational Acts, a few things can be observed. There was a close to equal sum of description and statement vocalizations, a few less response to bespeak vocalizations, and the least sum of petition vocalizations. This indicates that in this sample, the kid was largely depicting yesteryear and present facts and saying facts. The kid appears to hold alot to state the hearer about her personal experiences. She seldom made petitions to the hearer and is happy merely speaking about things that she wants to portion. The 2nd portion of the matter-of-fact analysis had to make with bend taking. 82 % of the vocalizations were responses, go forthing merely 18 % to be initiating vocalizations. The kid largely responded to inquiries and so elaborated on them by adding more item. The kid is cognizant to some point of bend taking regula tions, and merely one initiating vocalization could be marked as an break. The kid is really chatty. From this analysis was can larn about the kid s morphological, semantic, syntactic, and matter-of-fact linguistic communication development. All of the decisions drawn are merely for this kid at the clip the sample was taken and merely for 50 vocalizations. The kid is somewhat above norm in syntactic development, somewhat below norm in morphological development, and exhibits marks of mean semantic development. The matter-of-fact analysis was merely descriptive and can non be compared to any norms. Through these analyses we can see that the kid is following a normal form of development with no important strengths or failings.

Critical Thinking and Worldview

Critical Thinking and Worldview Buddhism worldview On the question of origin of life, Buddhism has no exact answer. Actually, Buddhism does not explain the origin of life. Its view is that life is too complicated for our minds to understand; Thera (n.d) quoted Bertrand Russel on this â€Å"The idea that things must have a beginning is really due to the poverty of our thoughts† (Thera, n.d, p. 1).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Critical Thinking and Worldview specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Khyentse (2008), Buddhism identity is based on four facts â€Å"all compounded things are impermanent, all emotions are pain, all things have no inherent existence, and Nirvana is beyond concepts† (p. 3). Understanding these four facts and putting them into practice make one a Buddhist. The middle path teachings of Buddhism teach on the meaning and purpose in life. A person ought to live a â€Å"neutral, upright and center ed life† (Buddha Net, 1996, p. 1). To understand life, one is required to take a position that is unbiased and, as noted above, be neutral and upright. From this position, it becomes possible to critically examine life and the problems associated with it, and come up with sustainable solutions. Buddhism teaches on moral precepts (the Pancha Shila), noble qualities (the Paramita), the four sublime tests, teachings of Sigalovada Sutta and metta Sutta. All these teachings call for moral decency. They also emphasize being caring in words and actions, and living a simple life (Boeree, n.d). A person’s destiny is dependent on some factors. One of them is Karma. The present life is dependent on the past Karma. The practice of dhamma also contributes to one’s destiny (Jade Buddha Temple, 2013). Comparison of Buddhism to a Christian worldview Christianity views the origin of life in the creation carried out by God in the Garden of Eden where all animals, and Adam and late r Eve were created (Ge 1:24, New International Version). This is in contrast to Buddhism which views such ideas as being due poverty of thoughts. Christian identity has to do with believing that Jesus Christ is the son of God, he was crucified because of mankind’s sins and living according to the teachings of the bible (Rom 10:9). Buddhism, on the other hand, does not recognize Jesus but has a set of teachings that form its identity.Advertising Looking for critical writing on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The purpose of life in Christianity’s view is to serve God. This is accomplished by following the ways of the bible and allowing the leadership of the Holy Spirit in one’s life (Isa 43:7). This contrasts with the Buddhism view which does not recognize the existence of Holy Spirit and God. Christianity advocates for uprightness in morals. It teaches that one should love his/ her neighbor as he loves himself/herself. It also advocates for caring for the less unfortunate in the society (Ex 20:12-17). There is a very big similarity between Christianity and Buddhism on the issue morality. The two worldviews advocate for uprightness in actions and thoughts. They also advocate for people to be accountable for their actions. The Christianity view on destiny is that every person has a predetermined life. To live this predetermined life depends on whether a person submits to the leadership of the Holy Spirit. It also teaches on after death life whereby there is paradise and hell. Living in one of the two depends on whether a person, in his/her first life, lived according to God’s will (Isa 43:7). This is a big contrast to the Buddhism view on destiny. References Boeree, C. G. (n.d). Buddhist Morality. Shippensburg University. Web. Buddha Net. (1996). Buddhism – The Middle Path. Buddha net Production. Web. Jade Buddha Temple. (2013). Buddha’s perspective of man’s destiny. Jade Buddha Temple. Web. Khyentse, D. J. (2008). What Makes You Not a Buddhist. Boston, MA: Shambhala Publications.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Critical Thinking and Worldview specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thera, D. M. (n.d). The Origin of the World. Buddha Sasana. Web.

Is It Addiction or Habit What Happens to Your Brain

Is It Addiction or Habit What Happens to Your Brain Do you have habits or addictions? How can you tell and how does it impact your brain? Here is some information on the differences between having a habit vs. an addition, and how it rewires your brain. If you see yourself going down the route of addiction, it’s best to be able to identify some of the warning signs.  Source:[JourneyPure]

Firewall Security Measures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Firewall Security Measures - Essay Example A packet filter is the most simple type of firewall that operates at the network layer of OSI model. Packet filtering works on a set of rules stored as rule base, which determines which packet are allowed within the session, likewise which address are allowed for the communication process. If by default, a rule base does not permit any session, all packets are a drop from the communication. Information included in packet filtering are as follows: The source address of the packet (or the Layer 3 address) and the destination address of the packet (also Layer 3 address). Type of traffic or the specific network protocol (i.e. Ethernet) And possibly some information about the Layer 4 communication sessions (which is why packet filtering are sometimes considered to operate at layer 3 and 4 of OSI model). Stateful inspection, on the other hand, is the just superset of the packet filter. It also employs the method by which packet filtering works and an additional of storing the state of the session. For example, a session between 192.168.1.100:1023 and 210.9.88.29:80 was stored as â€Å"established† as its state, then the next time this session takes place, it will automatically be allowed. This provides a faster mechanism for filter incoming and outgoing session between server and host system. Stateful inspection firewall also operates at layer 3 and 4, plus layer 7 of the OSI model, which is evident on how stateful inspections consider application within the application layer.

Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project - Essay Example Due to the introduction of Garnier product, coloring has produced 1.4 billion dollars value of big business. People ranging from 18-24 years are mainly targeted by the product. Due to the Garnier introduction, retailers have felt good concerning the hair category future. Garnier has shown a well-built stand in the international market by getting a lot of profit. The sales of the Olay Regenerist Micro-sculpting cream moisturize in the Australian market is $15. In addition, the Superstructure cream goes for $15. Many Garnier Skin Naturals Youthful Radiance Multi-action Night creams are priced at $8 in the Australian market while most of the Nivea Visage products are been sold at $10. It is one of the successful skin care products in the world currently. Garnier is reliable and has a very well built brand name that is famously known globally. On the other hand, Garnier mainly puts more stress on the natural attractiveness of individuals. By using celebrities in marketing of Garnier, it has enabled it to be a strong brand in the market. Strength of the product is the good financial background of the company that leads in the advertising of the product. The products issued by the Garnier Company are not difficult when using them and good quality performance is achieved from the product. According to drugstore (2012), one of the garnier’s products named Fructis prevents the hair from having end splits. On the other hand, the product maximizes shine on the hair. The Fructis goes on and protects the hair against any damage. It is also trying to update the launch of its products from time to time. The product on the other hand has brightening actions that are re freshing to all its users (drugstore, 2012). During its launch in the market, the product has tried to preserve market leadership in skin and hair beauty products. Customers have been served efficiently and Garnier has tried to be a market leader with

Should Creationism Essay Example for Free

Should Creationism Essay Throughout the world, there is a debate over whether the theory of evolution should be taught alongside the stories of Creation. In some states of America, Christian fundamentalists have succeeded in having the theory of evolution banned from schools and colleges. This shows how far people to get what they believe is right. There are two Creation stories; the P source, and the J source. The P source tells us the story of how God made the world in six days whereas the J source shows God in a more hands on approach (in comparison to him creating things by commanding it to be so). It tells the story of how God created Adam out of dust, and Eve out of one of Adam’s ribs. They are put together in the Garden of Eden. The story of creation is the most popular story as evolution does appears to remove the need for a God in the process of the creation of life.. People who are religious, (who believe in God) feel that they cannot believe the theory of evolution when it contradicts the story told by sources P and J. It does have some weaknesses though. It does not explain the presence of fossils or the geological evidence against this story. So called Creationists dismiss this because God may have ‘panted’ the rocks as a test of faith. Those who believe in the story of Creation are known as Creationists. There are two main types of Creationists; conservative and progressive. Conservative Creationists believe that the Genesis story is to be interpreted in a strictly liberal way. Progressive Creationists take a more liberal interpretation of the Genesis account. They feel that they can accommodate the fossil record through this interpretation. For example, the word ‘day’ in Genesis 1 is taken to refer to a more general period of time rather that 24 hours. During Charles Darwin’s famous expedition to the Galapagos Islands in 1839, Darwin noted that there were variations between animals on each island. Each group of animals appeared to have adapted to the conditions on their island. Darwin devised his theory of evolution to explain how these variations could have come about. This was a strong theory because it is backed up scientific evidence. It is widely known that animals adapt to their specific surroundings. It also explained something that before was just not known. There are also fossils that back this theory up. As with any theory, it has its sceptics. There are many natural phenomenon such as cleaner fish that evolution cannot explain. Cleaner fish are fish that swim into larger fishes mouths and clean parasites and pieces of food out of their mouths. Instead of the larger fishes eating the small fish, we wait calmly, and when finished they swim off to eat other small fish. Why would a little fish want to swim into the mouth of a big fish which usually eats little fish. This suggests that someone Godlike designed these fish to work together in this way. Also some people think there is a fatal flaw in his findings. He said that all living things evolved over many millions of years from the same ancestor, a tiny cell in the ocean. Because, although we can see many differences in the world of nature what we never see is any type of living thing changing into something completely different. Darwin himself admitted there was no evidence for such big changes. Many scientists believe in this theory of evolution as it is commonly seen that animals can adapt. Also, Richard Dawkins created a new strain of Darwinism namely Neo-Darwinism. This introduces the concept of random genetic mutation either giving some advantage to the organism or not effecting the organism. Based from this evidence above, I think that Creationism should be taught alongside evolution as evolution is only a theory and children should not be forced into what to believe but choose themselves. Scientists are happy to work alongside the story of Creation so, even if you don’t believe in evolution, there is no reason why it should not be taught in schools. Obviously, if parents felt strongly, they should be able to withdraw their children from those lessons.

Essay --

Cancer can develop anywhere in the body. Cells grow abnormally and become cancerous because of environmental factors, such as smoking cigarettes and exposure to radiation; genetics, poor diet, lack of physical activity, and even just luck (Stern et al., 2004). Even though genetics play the primary role in the development of cancer, the environment in which one lives also contributes to the chances of getting cancer. Some of the environmental factors that influence the development of cancer include alcohol use, obesity, asbestos, HIV, and Down’s syndrome. Cancer affects people of all ages. In infants and children, genetic abnormalities are generally the primary cause of cancer. Individuals over the age of 55 years old make up more than 80% of all cancers (Stern et al., 2004). 2.3 MYTHS ABOUT CANCER According to Aronson (2010), cancer is a humiliating and punishing disease as its treatments often deny people of the organs that give them their gender-identity, their sense of wholeness, and beauty. After treatment, patients also often feel less than whole. For them, cancer is not just a physical disease but rather a state of mind and a reason for societal quarantine and judgment. It is not discussed freely or accepted objectively. Cancer is seen as a "taint" upon the family, just as HIV is viewed as a disease that needs to be hidden away. There are many misconceptions across all ethnic and racial groups regarding cancer. Many believe that since no one in their family previously had cancer, then they would not get cancer. People also have a false impression that if they are healthy then they would not develop cancer (McGarvey & Brenin, 2005). According to Frymark, there are three chief myths about cancer: 1. Although chemothera... ...e. Among the members of the Solanaceae family, Solanumaculeastrumwas the most common plant used for the treatment of cancer (Koduru, Grierson & Afolayan, 2007). Scientists these days are also investigating traditional medicine for anti-cancerous effects. A popular ayurvedic herb Ashwagandha, frequently known as â€Å"Indian Winter cherry† or â€Å"Indian Ginseng† is used in ayurvedic medicine in a way similar to that Panax ginseng used in traditional Chinese medicine. This herb is normally used for its wide range of health advantages. Withaferin A, which derived from this medicinal plant, it often used for its anti-tumorigenic activity against various cancer cells. Withaniasomnifera flowers are small and green and the roots are mostly used for medicinal purposes. It is cultivated in the drier regions of India such as Punjab and Rajasthan (Singh, Verma, Pandey & Gilca, 2011).

Ebonics and Education Essay

A Persuasive Research Paper on the Why Education Should Pave Way for Ebonics All a person needs to do is turn on the television or browse the Internet to see the proof that there are very important changes in the society. Among those changes is how the use of language increased and how its forms have greatly grown. With much slang, dialects and language transformation and combinations, the number of languages all over the world and not just in the United States, have significantly grown larger and bigger. However, the question of whether this continuous dynamic change in languages is for the better remains to be seen. This is because, though languages have changed and grown, problems caused by miscommunication and misunderstandings are still rampant and present. Although language and all its combinations with other languages aimed to bridge the gap between nations and cultures, different people with different origins and speech are still unable to bridge that gap. There are still many issues concerning the cropping up and usage of new languages. Most common among those is the problem that languages which are combined or which undergo a linguistic blend tends to be disruptive of formal, correct and grammatical language. A simple example would be those music videos which feature artists that combine and contract structure of words to make the song more likeable or even more attuned to the rhythm of the song. However, this has a negative effect as people, most especially young adults and children, become familiar with such language usage to the point that they begin to emulate them. Such debate has long been the topic in educational boards and institutions of whether they should correct and put stop to such language usage or encourage such exchange of words since clearly, the young are affected. In fact, Ebonics or Black English or African American English has become such a heated topic when it was quite obvious that there is a problem among the academics of African American students because they have such low grades and low performance levels that could be attributed to the usage of Ebonics. Many people sided against and for the encouragement of Ebonics. Study after study ensued to prove that Ebonics was an important and integral part of the many pupils and students since that is the language they actually use while others also discouraged its usage. Through this paper, it can be argued that Ebonics is not a mere slang which African American students can do without and that it is not something which should be corrected just because it is seen as ungrammatical. Instead, what the educational boards and institutions should do is cater to their learners and use Ebonics to implement knowledge transfer among their pupils and students and eventually make them learn and use Standard English. Ebonics is formally known as African American English or AAE according to the Center for Applied Linguistics (n. p. ). It is a kind of sociolect or social dialect where it is often used by people who are of African American origins in particular surroundings or situations. The difference of Ebonics with American English is its structure wherein African dialects and sounds are combined, blended, mixed with American English. American English is also sometimes contracted with African dialects or sounds to be inserted within the contractions. Such example is presented by John R. Rickford in his discussion of Ebonics as presented in the Website of the Stanford University. In the example, Rickford uses a simple sentence which is grammatically correct: â€Å"I asked Alvin if he could go† (n. p. ). He then conveys the example to a student known to use Ebonics and the student gives his own version of the sentence: â€Å"I as’ Alvin could he–could he go† (Rickford, n. p. ). Ebonics is not the mere transformation of structure of words to ungrammatically correct versions. In fact, though not completely grammatically acceptable, Ebonics is still considered a structured and coherent dialect. As what the Center for Applied Linguistics or CAL states, â€Å"AAE (or Ebonics) is a regular, systematic language variety that contrasts with other dialects in terms of its grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary† (n. p. ). Thus, Ebonics is not wrong or incorrect, it is merely different and a contradiction with other languages, in this case, the language of American English or Standard English. The origin of Ebonics is unclear but the origins of why it became a topic of heated arguments and debate is quite known. Because nations cater to other nations, and migration and immigration (and even simple leisure travel) are inevitable, it is also natural that the language which people of different cultures use would also be transferred and assimilated by other people with other languages. According to Ladonna Lewis Rush’s argumentative paper on the Ebonics debate titled The Ebonics Debate, the origins of Ebonics can be explained by Smitherman who wrote in Talking and Testifyin: Black English and the Black Experience that: Black English contains elements of Standard English, elements of West African languages, and elements unique to African-Americans. The structure of speech in Ebonics can be analyzed and related to African language structures as well as to the black experience in America. (as cited by Rush, n. p. ) Thus, Ebonic came about because the African Americans needed the language which they could adapt to and use while in America who used American English for their communication. Like what the CAL stated, Smitherman and Rush also believe that Ebonics is not mere slang which is featured and used by African American music artists but it is considered as a distinct dialect all on its own. The concept of Ebonics must have been unknown to most people before the year 1996 but because of a certain state in America, Ebonics and everything related to the dialect and term suddenly exploded to the point that it became a topic of debate. According to Tracey L. Weldon in her write up titled Reflections on the Ebonics Controversy which appeared in American Speech, the Oakland Unified School District in California passed a resolution on the month of December year 2006 that â€Å"recognized the legitimacy of Ebonics† and it called â€Å"for teachers in the district to be better educated about the rules governing the variety (Ebonics)† with the aim that the teachers would be able to improve â€Å"the teaching of standard English to Ebonics speakers† (275). The issue sparked up debate after debate because linguists approved the resolution stating it was correct and adequate while Ebonics speakers and family members of African American origins complained that it was an obvious tactic of discrimination and identification of who were the students that does not have the ability to speak the â€Å"proper English† (Weldon 276). Ebonics and the usage of the dialect is quite obvious in the society as it can be heard from people in most social gatherings, informal meetings and even in the media. According to Rickford, many terms and structures in Ebonics are used by common people because of what they have learned from â€Å"rap, hip hop† and other means of â€Å"popular Black culture† (n. p. ). As what Rickford uses to describe this massive usage of Ebonics in popular Black culture, it becomes â€Å"an icon of youth culture itself† wherein young African Americans are immediately identified as being users of Ebonics. Since Ebonics is a mere means of communication among African Americans, then it should not be a great deal of a problem. However, unfortunately, the usage of the sociolect has become increasingly an issue most especially in educational institutions wherein grammatically correct and linguistically sound structure and vocabulary should be used and encouraged. Rush points out the case why Ebonics has become a problem among pupils and students in schools and this is because they manage to have poor academic standing and it was revealed that because of this dialect that the students have such appalling results. Rush writes in her paper that â€Å"language skills are directly related to success in academics† (n. p. ). This is obviously true since language is used to communicate and interact with other people. Poor language skills or inability to produce and understand the language would make it for one’s self and for other people to have a clear conversation and communication. It is also Rush who pointed out that African American students have a high rate of being suspended (around 80%) and that the students are â€Å"lagging behind in measures of academic success† (n. p. ). There was also an article which appeared on NEA Today that interviewed Lisa Delpit who is a professor an author that focused on Ebonics. In the interview, Delpit mentioned the reason why Ebonics is important and why the resolution passed by the school district was commendable: Most of the African-American children in Oakland were performing miserably. But one school, the Prescott School, consistently performed near the top of the district. Its students were all low-income African-American children. And it adopted a program called the Standard English Proficiency, which uses the children’s home language and culture to teach them Standard English. (17). If Ebonics will be used to relate to the students and slowly pave their learning for Standard English, then there is a high possibility that African Americans’ percentage of academically challenged students would significantly decrease. The question then is how does one go on solving such problem to ensure a fool proof way of solving the issue? This of course lies with the educational board and teachers. Teachers in formal schools teach Standard English because it something which society and the rest of the English speakers use. There is no problem with using Ebonics if it is outside professional and academic grounds; it is after all part of the African American culture. However, Standard English should be the language that is encouraged by the teachers to be used by their students because it would help them in the long run. Based on different discussions on the resolution passed by the school district of Oakland, the debate on whether Ebonics should be studied by the district’s teachers and used to pave the way to teach Standard English should not even be a topic of debate. This is because the debate started because of a mere misunderstanding about the resolution, another proof that language does not only bridge gaps it also creates them, when people saw Standard English as the only form of English that linguists identified as â€Å"proper English†. Linguistically speaking, there is indeed a Standard English as what Weldon has stated but the term â€Å"proper English† is incorrect since there is no wrong or right English. If it can be remembered, Ebonics is even identified as being a dialect that is structured thus, it is very much acceptable. In conclusion, the issue that Ebonics be used to gap and slowly push the learners toward Standard English (as aimed by the resolution) is created by the definition and need of the Standard English. Standard English is not the only English nor is it the only form of the language which is encouraged to be used; instead, Standard English is something which is needed to make all forms of English languages coherent and uniform in the sense that there would be no linguistically and communicatively wrongly structured words. It is the same case of having a one school uniform designated to students of a school to identify who are the members of that school or the generally approved legal age for drinking or voting or driving. There is a common factor which envelopes the entities of a school, a state or a nation. Standard English therefore is needed by the Ebonics speakers if they are desirous of being successful in society which is also the language used by the many. Ebonics is not slang, wrong nor should it be discouraged. However, the Ebonics speakers should be able to understand that learning the Standard English is important since it would make them socially adept at communicating with other people. With all the turmoil and misunderstandings that society is currently under, it needs all the unity and harmony it can get—even if it just comes from having a language they can all understand and speak. Works Cited â€Å"A New Take on Ebonics and Teaching. † NEA Today 17. 2 (1998): 17. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 26 July 2010. Center for Applied Linguistics. 2010. â€Å"Dialects – African American English†. Cal. org. Web. 26 July 2010. Rickford, John R. 1996. â€Å"Ebonics Notes and Discussion†. Stanford. edu. Web. 26 July 2010. Rush, Ladonna Lewis. â€Å"The Ebonics Debate†. Princeton. edu. College of Wooster. 1997. Web. 26 July 2010. Weldon, Tracey L. â€Å"Reflections on the Ebonics Controversy†. American Speech 75. 3 ( 2000): 275-277. Project MUSE. Web. 26 July 2010.

Human behaviour

Human Behaviour Psychology According to Sigmund Freud, (1856-1939). human beings are just mechanical creatures, whom he views as prisoners of primitive instincts and powers, which we can barely control. He states that our purpose is to control these instincts and powers. Freud explained these concepts by comparing the human spirit to an Iceberg. The vlslble part of the Iceberg (spirit) Is the conscious part, which consists of everything we know and remember and the thinking processes through which we function. The unconscious part is made up of everything we have ever learned or experienced, ncluding that which has been â€Å"forgotten†.A part of these forgotten things are really gone, but the largest part of the unconscious has Just been shut out, because It would be annoying to be consciously reminded of it. The influences of Helmholtz are also visible at other points, According to Freud, the material in the unconscious contains psychic energy. This psychic energy is constan tly trying to get into the conscious part, while the conscious part keeps using energy to suppress undesirable discoveries. An expression of unknown powers Is, for example, slips of the tongue.These expressions show that our unconscious was not strong enough to keep these powers outside the conscious part. Philosophers in the seventeenth and eighteenth century (like Descartes and Hobbes) shared a mechanistic view. They thought that some of our actions are the result of internal or external forces, which are not under voluntary control. Hobbes, for example, claimed that underlying reasons for behavior are the avoidance of pain and the quest for pleasure. The extreme of the mechanistic view Is the theory of instincts. An instinct is an innate biological force, which commands the organism to ehave in a particular way.The main advocate of the instinct theory was the psychologist McDougall. He hypothesized that all thinking and behavior is the result of instincts, which are fixed from bi rth, but which can be adjusted by learning and experience. By changes and combinations of instincts he tried to explain the whole repertoire of human behavior. Human behavior psychology Is one of the theories of learning based upon the central Idea that all human behaviors are attained through conditioning. This is also known as behaviorism. Conditioning happens through the nteraction of human beings with the environment.According to human behavior psychology, human behavior can be studied in a systematic, methodical, recognizable and observable manner with no deliberation of internal mental states. Strengths of human behavior psychology/3ehaviorlsm Human behavior psychology is based upon observable and noticeable behaviors, thus easier to quantify, collect empirical data and Information while conducting research. Behavioral intervention, token economies, and discrete trial training are some 0T tne erective remealal tecnnlques wnlcn are all rooted Intenslvely In numan ehavior psych ology, also commonly known as behaviorism.These techniques are very helpful in changing maladaptive, detrimental or harmful behaviors in both children and adults. Criticisms of human behavior psychology/behaviorism Many detractors point out that human behavior psychology or behaviorism is an exclusively one-dimensional approach to human behavior and thus such human behavioral theories do not account for free will and internal influences such as moods, thoughts, feelings, etc. Behaviorism or human behavior psychology does not ccount for further types of learning, in particular learning that occurs lacking the use of reinforcements.Also individuals are able to adapt their human behavior when new information is brought in, even if a previous behavior pattern has been established over a period of time through reinforcement. Human behavior refers to the range of behaviors exhibited by humans and which are influenced by culture, attitudes, emotions, values, ethics, authority, rapport, h ypnosis, persuasion, coercion and/or genetics. The behavior of people (and other organisms or even mechanisms) alls within a range with some behavior being common, some unusual, some acceptable, and some outside acceptable limits.In sociology, behavior in general is characterised as having no meaning, being not directed at other people, and thus is the most basic human action. Behavior in this general sense should not be mistaken with social behavior, which is a more advanced action, as social behavior is behavior specifically directed at other people. The acceptability of behavior depends heavily upon social norms and is regulated by various means of social control. Human ehavior is studied by the specialised academic disciplines of psychiatry, psychology, social work, sociology, economics, and anthropology.Human behaviour is experienced throughout an individual's entire lifetime. It includes the way they act based on different factors such as genetics, social norms, core faith, an d attitude. Behaviour is impacted by certain traits each individual has. The traits vary from person to person and can produce different actions or behaviour from each person. Social norms also impact behaviour. Due to the inherently conformist nature of uman society in general, humans are pressurised into following certain rules and display certain behaviours in society, which conditions the way people behave.Different behaviours are deemed to be either acceptable or unacceptable in different societies and cultures. Core faith can be perceived through the religion and philosophy of that individual. It shapes the way a person thinks and this in turn results in different human behaviours. Attitude can be defined as â€Å"the degree to which the person has a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of the behavior in question. One's attitude is essentially a reflexion of the behaviour he or she will portray in specific situations.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_behaviorhttp://www.soop erarticles.com/http://research.easybib.com/research/index/search?search=%22ThinkQuest+Team%22https://moz.com/ugc/how-to-increase-ecommerce-conversion-rates-with-social-proofhttp://study.com/directory/category/Psychology/Psychology_and_Human_Behavior/Environmental_Psychology.html

Physician-Assisted Suicide Essays - Euthanasia, Medical Ethics

Physician-Assisted Suicide Essays - Euthanasia, Medical Ethics Physician-Assisted Suicide Kathleen M. Foley, author of Competent Care for the Dying Instead of Physician-Assisted Suicide, believes doctors should develop treatments for the physical and psychological problems of dying patients rather than helping them commit suicide. Available data suggests most physicians do not receive training in the care of dying patients. Dying patients experience physical symptoms such as pain, psychological problems such as anxiety and depression and existential distress (described as the experience of life without meaning.)(1) many of the physical and psychological problems can be treated. Furthermore, legalization of physician-assisted suicide may deter physicians from developing treatments that could enhance the dying patient's quality of life. Euthanasia by definition means "a gentle and easy death", "the good death of another" or "mercy killing."(2) There are two types of euthanasia currently recognized, active and passive euthanasia. Active euthanasia is the taking of one's own life, or being killed, for example, by lethal injection. Passive euthanasia is taking one's life with the assistance of another or just being allowed to die. In passive euthanasia we simply refrain from doing anything to keep the patient alive, for example, refusing to perform surgery, administer medication, give heart massage or use a respirator and let the patient die from whatever illness is already present. It is important to understand the difference, because many people believe that active euthanasia is immoral and passive euthanasia is morally all right. They believe that we should actually never kill patients, but sometimes it is all right to let them die. The main issue then is it morally permissible to kill or let someone die who is going to die soon anyway, at the person's own request, as an act of kindness? Throughout history, many people have thought that the distinction between active and passive euthanasia is morally important: and many of those who condemned active euthanasia raised no objection against passive euthanasia. Even by people who believed killing to be wrong, allowing people to die by not treating them was thought in some circumstances to be all right. Even before Christ, Socrates was quoted as saying, " ...bodies which disease had penetrated through and through he would not have attempted to cure...he did not want to lengthen out good-for-nothing lives."(3) In the centuries that followed, both the Christians and the Jews viewed allowing to die in circumstances of hopeless suffering, morally permissible. It was killing that they adamantly opposed. The Pope, stating the position of the Catholic Church, said "it is acceptable to allow the patient who is virtually already dead to pass away in peace."(4) In a statement published in 1982, the American Medical Association echoes the feeling of the Catholic Church saying, " we remain firm on our stand against mercy killing, but allowing patients to die (in some circumstances) is all right."(5) So it seems, there is widespread agreement that passive euthanasia is morally all right (in at least some cases), but active euthanasia is much more controversial. In essence what we seek is whether euthanasia active or passive is moral, or whether it is immoral. To discover the truth we must examine the arguments or reasons that are given for or against it. If the arguments in favor of euthanasia are persuasive and the arguments against it can be rejected, then it is morally acceptable. And likewise, if after careful analysis we find a strong case against euthanasia, we would have to conclude it to be immoral. I think this is true not only of euthanasia, but of any moral issue. The single most powerful argument in support of euthanasia is the argument of mercy. The main idea of this argument is simple. Terminal patients sometimes suffer pain far beyond our comprehension. This suffering can be so terrible that we cringe at the descriptions of such agony. The argument for mercy says: Euthanasia is justified because it puts an end to that. It is not important to give gory details of the suffering of the terminally ill, but it is important to keep these visions vividly imprinted in our minds so we can appreciate the full force of the argument for mercy. If a person prefers and even begs for death as the only alternative to

Essay Writing Qualities of a Good Student You Need to Develop

Essay Writing Qualities of a Good Student You Need to Develop Essay Writing Qualities of a Good Student You Need to Develop There are many traits which can help students of any grade or age to become great writers. These essay writing qualities of a good student can be learned and mastered by anyone. Love for Reading If you love reading, you will truly learn how to write great essays. The reason behind this is that the more you read, the more exposed you are to various writing habits and styles. Additionally, you learn a great deal about different ways of writing introductions, presenting ideas coherently, and sticking to different academic styles. Natural Curiosity A natural curiosity will help you to learn new things, as being naturally curious leads to natural learning. Desire to Learn New Things Every Day With a desire to learn new things every day, you will gladly accept any prompt you receive knowing that it is merely a way to learn new things each day. You will know that each book or journal you have to read for an assignment is an opportunity to gain new knowledge. Ability to Self-Organize With college level writing there are many papers, notes, books, scraps of paper, drafts of papers, and photocopies of journal articles that will get lost in the shuffle without the ability to self-organize. Knowledge on How to Motivate and Inspire Oneself When it comes to essay writing at the college level, the only way to get any better is to force yourself to learn, read, practice, and always do something that pushes you and your skills forward. This comes with the ability to motivate or inspire yourself. If you are facing a deadline, knowing how to motivate yourself (possibly in the form of rewarding with a TV show after you hit a certain milestone, or even giving yourself a night off if you meet four deadlines in a row) is what will help you stay on point. Problem Solving Skills Problem solving skills are crucial for any college student, especially with regard to writing essays. The reason for this is that the ability to solve any problem (ranging from a printer jam, a lost file on a computer, or to a need for a coherent argument in the essay) is imperative to getting over hiccups in your work rather quickly. Techno Geek Being a techno geek can allow you the opportunity to capitalize upon technologies made for writing. This includes online word processing apps, organization apps, and editing apps. With such devices you can learn to integrate your work and benefit from your writing curve. Practice Practice does in fact make perfect. If you are willing to practice essay writing repeatedly, it will bring great results. Even if it is just a journal or self-assigned tasks, you can watch your regular progress and enjoy the rewards brought about by it. In the end, students can learn how to write great essays through integrating all of these qualities. With practice, passion and love of reading, you can make great headway in your college level skills.

Health Care Informatic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health Care Informatic - Essay Example For instance, an employee with the proper security clearance can look up medical information on the patients he is treating, but he can also look up ex-girlfriends, neighbors and anyone else his security clearance allows him to access. Because of such abuse, many information systems professionals run random system checks to see which employees are accessing records and for what reasons. However, it is not feasible to think that every employee can be monitored all of the time. Health care informatics make a patient's medical information accessible to anyone that might need it, but they also make it vulnerable to prying eyes that don't. Even worse, information that is on a computer system may be vulnerable to access by outside parties that were never intended to access the system, like "hackers" for instance. Such people could perform mass identity thefts, since social security numbers and even credit card numbers are often stored in health care information systems. This would result in unimaginable losses for patients, as well pose a huge liability for the health care provider. Some people worry that security precautions have not been able to keep up with the speedy evolution of health care informatics, and this may be a valid concern. If an entire information system was crippled or destroyed by such a hostile attack - or even by an act of nature, like a flood or tornado - and the back-up systems for the data were not preserved, an entire healthcare network could lose countless patients' medical records, possibly putting the lives of some patients at risk or even causing possible deaths due to treatment errors. Th e shift from filing paper charts on patients to digitally storing medical records has definite advantages, but such technology certainly comes with a serious set of security risks. As with many modern medical topics, the subject of the ethical use of medical records is under great scrutiny. Should private insurance companies be allowed to use medical records to deny coverage to people who are too old Should life insurance be denied to people with genetic disadvantages, like maternal cancers or paternal hypertension Medical research questions also come into the debate. Is it fair to collect data and research from medical records without the consent of the patients For instance, can you look at the rate of blindness of patients with diabetes at a certain hospital without informing the patients or their families New technological advances are even making it possible to enter a patient's symptoms and allow a computer program to suggest a diagnosis. Many health care providers think this is a wonderful new technology that will assist doctors in caring for their patients, but many others think it will become a crutch that will prevent physicians from properly practic ing the art of medicine. When should computers be used to compile information Who should access this information How vulnerable does technology make medicine All of these questions about health care informatics will need to be answered as the field evolves. 2. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, also known as HIPAA, is an act issued by the United States government that attempts to define the relationship between a patient's right to confidentiality and the need for medical

Undergraduate economics major students and their future Research Paper

Undergraduate economics major students and their future - Research Paper Example Being a economics student, the researcher is highly motivated in conducting this research and identifying the relationship between the employment level which is the dependent variable and economic major which is the independent variable. This research will enable the researcher to investigate about the future of the undergraduate economic major students. The main focus of this research study is on exploring the future opportunities for the students of economics. In order to achieve the research objectives and aims, the researcher has developed a multi variable mathematical and econometric model. This model will allow the researcher to see the relationship between the employment level and economic graduates. Another important variable in this regard is the condition of the labor market i.e. the supply and demand of the workforce in general. The model has been designed in such a way that the relationship between the economic graduates and employment level will be measured for the a particular supply and demand of the workforce in the market. During the undergraduate economics program students learn the basics of doing business and how businesses and industries are operated. Students during economics undergraduate program learn not only about the basic ideas related to the successful management of the business but they also learn about macro-environmental factors as well as micro-environmental factors that can influence the performance of the company and thus they are able to analyze these important factors and take actions accordingly. Economics students are made to learn different concepts, theories and issues that previously CEOs of the large organizations have already faced and by getting familiar with their case studies and learning from their experiences, they become well-aware of different factors that affect the overall business and situations that previous top management of the organization have faced and thus they are in a

Chirchill Response Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chirchill Response Paper - Essay Example The reader debates the categorical use of such superlatives. Johnson is sometimes too kind to his subject: Churchill’s being a â€Å"Conservative, Liberal, Coalition, Constitutionalist, Unionist, and National Conservative† (15), is definitely the sign of a political opportunist and the author’s terming this â€Å"Churchill’s courage in crossing the floor† (15), is a little mild! Churchill’s foresight is remarkable. His â€Å"prophetic words --- spoken more than a dozen years before the catastrophe† (Johnson, 14) of World War I, show him to be a man of awesome intellect. Another instance of Churchill’s remarkable judgment is the case of communist Russia, when he attempts to reverse Lenin’s Bolshevik coup in 1917, and nip communism in the bud. Again, his failed attempts to convince FDR to decisively combat communism in the final stages of World War II, show that he is the only senior statesman of that time to fully appreciate the dangers of communism. Johnson provokes the reader to wonder whether the Cold War, and the atrocities of the Gulag, could have been avoided if Churchill had his way. Churchill is one of the first to realize the threat posed by Hitler. Churchill’s early investment in Middle East oil, through BP, is another case which demonstrates his prescience. Churchill is so completely identified with Britain in the period of war that it is a revelation to know that he was also an excellent peace time administrator. His welfare measures as President of the Board of Trade, and his prison reforms as Home Secretary, add to his stature. He is obviously an administrator par excellence. Britain definitely would not have had the navy and air force she did, if not for Churchill. Johnson’s inclusion of many of Churchill’s witticisms adds to the appeal of the book and ensures that the heavy parts are enlivened and the reader is never bored. Some gems: â€Å"I trod on the Prince of Wales’s toe,† he recorded complacently, â€Å"and

Fruits And Vegetables Industry Of India

Fruits And Vegetables Industry Of India INTRODUCTION India is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world after China. Since the 1980s the international trade in fruits and vegetables has expanded rapidly. The number of commodities as well as the number of varieties produced and traded has drastically increased during the past 25 years. There is an overall increase in the demand of fruits and vegetables for consumption both in fresh and the processed form. Also there is a wide diversification in production pattern globally. Income in this sector is increasing which is driving the supply. In spite of being one of the largest producers of fruits and vegetables in the world, the export competitiveness among the Indian producers remains low. But with new marketing initiatives, the post-harvest losses and wastage due to poor infrastructure facilities such as storage and transportation are reduced to a considerable extent, yet a lot needs to be done in this sector. Supply constraints, yield gaps and huge logistic costs affect our competitive and comparative advantage in world trade market. Rs 50,000 crore worth of produce gets wasted every year in the absence of a proper value chain for food processing. The government is working on 30 cold chain routes countrywide to enable integration of the sector from farm-gate to the retail outlet. Apart from these many private sector companies have taken initiative to bridge this gap, many among them are Safal, Pepsi, Bharti, Reliance, Bayer and etc. PROJECT TILL NOW DRAWING OF SUPPLY CHAIN OF INDUSTRY STUDYING VARIOUS INTERMEDIARIES IN CHAIN ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FACED BY INDUSTRY PENDING CONTENTS FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES CHARACTERISTICS FRUITS AND VEGETABLE SUPPLY CHAIN IN INDIA INTERMEDIARIES IN THE MARKET OTHER PLAYERS ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLE MARKETS COLD CHAIN FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES CHARACTERISTICS Perishability of products: Involvement of many bio-physic-chemical processes make its highly vulnerable to damages at short intervals and thus contributes to products limited shelf life. Seasonability of production: The inconsistent supply due to the close involvement of many biotic and a biotic factors of production break the cycle of the produce availability in the market throughout the year. Bulkiness of products: The bulkiness of the fresh produce adds to the transportation, handling and packaging charges. Along with makes its prone to pre and post harvest damages in the supply chain accounting up to the extent of 20-40 percent. Quality variation of products: No adherence to GAP practices leads to variation in quality Irregular supply of products: Seasonability and non planned insufficient production creates gluts and shortages in the market. Small Holdings size scattered production processing: As majority of the Indian farmers falls in marginal and small category. FRUITS AND VEGETABLE SUPPLY CHAIN IN INDIA INTERMEDIARIES IN THE MARKET Producers: Most farmers or producers, perform one or more marketing functions. They sell the surplus either in the village or in the market. Some farmers, especially the large ones, assemble the produce of small farmers, transport it to the nearby market, sell it here and make a profit. Middlemen: Middlemen are those individuals or business concerns which specialize in performing the various marketing functions and rendering such services as are involved in the marketing of goods. Village commission agent Market commission agent Wholesalers Village commission agent These are agent which directly purchase from farmers, these agents are appointed by marketing commission agent to purchase on their behalf. Marketing commission agent These agent are appointed by government to do purchasing, this is because to ensure that fair price in market prevails Wholesalers: In india government have prohibited wholesalers to directly purchase goods from farmer. They can purchase good from market commission agent. Whole selling is the one that covers activities of all individuals or businessmen, which sell to or negotiate sales with customers, who buy for resale or industrial use. His position is that of an intermediary between manufacturer and retailer. Wholesalers are classified as: Local wholesalers, who deliver their purchases to local retailer. Provincial wholesalers some time called as distributor selling to the retailers of a particular district or a state. National wholesalers located at a strategic place and distribute goods all over the country. Sub Wholesaler, are smaller wholesaler who purchase from bigger and larger wholesaler, generally concentrated in smaller markets. Retailers: He is the last link in chain of middleman, who sells directly to consumer. He takes title to goods, sells and sets up business usually amidst the consumers groups. He buys his requirement usually from the wholesalers. Retailers in producing areas may have direct contact with producers and buys goods from them for resale. Main function: Selling the product of members. They also undertake outright purchases. Provide storage facilities for storage and grading Save cultivators from exploitation by traders and help farmers in getting fair price for their produce. Performing functions of processing of raw produce. OTHER PLAYERS Pucca Arhatia: He is the real purchaser in the wholesale market. He his buying for his own behalf, or acting for some business, like firms in consuming markets. Big industries play them as their agent and order him to purchase certain quantity within a given range of price. When pucca arhatia trades on his own, he dispose of his produce brought by him through dealers in different parts of country. Katcha Arhatia: He also advances money to the cultivators and village banias on the condition that the produce will be disposed off through him alone and hence charges a very nominal rate of interest on the money advanced. Katcha arhatia charges commission for services rendered by him. Important link between the village cultivator or traders on the one hand. Village Merchants: He is an important agency in the collection of produce and more so when the mandi is situated at a considerable distance from the village. He advances from his shop either on credit or for exchange of food grain or so price given for cultivators produce. The quantities of agriculture Production collected is either disposed off in the mandi or retained for resale in the village in the processed forms, such as rice, flour, oil etc. Itinerant Traders: They are small merchants, who move from village to village and buy the produce from cultivators house. They give a lower price than selling in the nearby market and in setting transportation take into consideration, the factors such as cost of transportation, market charges and profit margin ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS IN FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES MARKET: Lack of basic infrastructure for example cool chains, logistics and supply chain management. The infrastructural problems, pertaining to the cold storage facilities are dual as some places dont have the cold storage while some places have the problem of underutilization of the existing cold storages. The utilization is even lower than 30 per cent of the total capacity in many cases. Development of competitive international transportation, linked to domestic air transport or road and rail transport would help in reduction of post harvest losses. Presponderance of Intermediaries in the channel results in unfair and exploitative practices in marketing of fresh produce is very common. Lack of proper grading and quality control system. Scattered productions and sometimes in isolated places where even the transportation facilities and other infrastructure is not sufficient for the perishables. Lack of unity and organization skill among the farming community, which proves a major impediment in the formation of cluster groups and co-operatives. Inefficient Imperfect markets: Due to prevalence of many intermediaries and malpractices followed by them in the price fixation and auction of the perishables in between the marketing channel results in upraise of consumers price in the producers share. Concept of consumer packaging practically unknown in domestic markets : Improper pre and post harvest handling without any sound packaging leads to heavy loss ranging from 20-40 percent of the produce at the time when its reaches the final consumer. Lack of forward backward linkages: Absolute lack of the much needed quality inputs and extension backup at proper time and after harvest processes. Ignorance to new methods of cultivation and dependence on traders for extension knowledge. Perishability and Storability: Having limited shelf life due to its typical bio-physic-chemicals constitutions, fresh fruits and vegetables penetration is restricted to the certain niche markets and stakeholders. Besides the presence of insufficient numbers of storages and cool chain facilities adding to the woes. Low exports : Emergence of many competitive markets with comparative advantages in awake of the globalization and the imposition of different Tariff and Non-tariff barriers to save the domestic industry by the protection list nations using sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS) as their benchmark resulting in the limited exports of the perishable commodities. The window of international demand for the horticultural products is very small. Thus a planned strategy is to be made to target the markets during that period. Freight charges: High air freights are also hindrance for cost effective exports. For the exports large fluctuations in the production of fruits and vegetables causes problem in being a regular trade partners. Long marketing channel: Prevalence of many of the intermediaries in between the supply chain robbing the lions share of the producers by deeply penetrating the consumers pocket Non-functional AEZ: Even after 10 years of starting of the Agri-Export-Zones in deferent specific production pockets of different produces, full implementation is at its nascent stage due to many socio-political reasons. Thus the final benefit doesnt reaching to the destined. Poor Post harvest care handling of the produce: Improper pre and post harvest care and handling leads to heavy loss ranging from 20-40 percent of the produce. Absolute lack in co-ordination b/w production targets of concerned department action plan of the marketing directorate Prevalence of primitive methods of selling and price fixation like, secret sale, private negotiation, under cover etc. Meager involvement of Government other co-op. marketing agencies alike to the private agencies COLD CHAIN What is cold chain? Cold chain may be defined as a logistic system that provides a series of facilities for maintaining ideal storage conditions for perishables from the point of production to the point of consumption in the food chain. This is generally absent, but critical segment in Indian logistics infrastructure. Why are we suddenly talking about Cold Chain? We have realized that there is great amount of wastage happening post Harvest. This wastage is being estimated at 25% of total produce or approx Rs. 50000 Cr US $ 10 Billion. Indian Agriculture sector accounts for 26% of countrys GDP, produces 64% employment and 18% of countrys export. India is 2nd largest producer of Fruits Vegetable in the world. India is the 2nd largest vegetable Exporter. Indias share is only 1% of World trade. Why there are Losses in Post Harvest of Horticulture produce? Shortages of Cold Storage facilities and Refrigerated transport lead to inefficiency in handling perishables which manifest it into wastages. Some estimates say that the post harvest losses of fruits and vegetables alone in India is more than the total production of fresh fruits and vegetables in Great Britain.

Negotiating a Starting Salary Essay -- Business and Management Studies

Negotiating a Starting Salary With internet access available to nearly everyone, job seekers are armed with more information than ever before. Information can be obtained for job openings, job descriptions, and even salaries. Sometimes when filling out an application, a box will ask for a salary desired. Some advertisements ask to send your resume with salary requirements. These are sometimes tough questions to answer. How much does that job normally pay? Is the job applicant worth the top pay? This paper will explore the various factors involved when attempting to negotiate a starting salary. Topics such as helpful internet sources will be introduced, along with salary ranges, and helpful interview techniques will be discussed to better position one self to obtain the salary desired. Some basic concepts should be understood before attempting to negotiate a starting salary. First of all realize that a job in New York City will most likely pay more than the same job in rural Ohio. Geographic locations and cost-of-living play a major role when determining salaries. For example, comparisons were made for an entry level job as a bank teller in Elyria, Ohio and New York, New York. The results were interesting. The median expected salary for a typical Teller in Elyria, Ohio is $20,913; with the 25th percentile being $19,642 and the 75th percentile at $22,645. The median expected salary for the same job in New York City is $24,274; with the 25th percentile being $22,799 and the 75th percentile at $26,284 (www.Hotjobs.com). Supply and demand also play a part. If job candidates are plentiful then negotiating power is limited. However, some fields are in high demand and college graduates in those fields will find they have their choice of employers. For instance, according to The American Almanac Of Jobs And Salaries, the occupations with the largest job decline are sewing machine operators. This data covers the time period from 1996 to 2006 and they are in decline by 26 percent (xxviii). Conversely, according to Enhanced Occupational Outlook Handbook, the fastest growing jobs are computer related. From 1998-2008 computer engineers, computer support specialists, computer systems analysts, and database administrators are expected to grow by 108, 102, 94, and 77 percent respectively (18). A third concept to remember is that ev... ... appeal to their power and position in the company. Say something like, â€Å"If you have the power†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Most managers will enjoy the positive comment and if they can get it done for you they will (www.collegegrad.com). These negotiating techniques highlight just some of ways a job applicant can better position themselves for a better starting salary. Salary wizards on the internet will give you a pay range. Various articles at career related web sites can give you some valuable insights. And of course your local library will always have books on hand to guide you through your job and salary search as you prepare yourself for the challenges of the working world of the 21st century. Works Cited Farr, Micheal J. and LaVern L. Ludden, Ed.D. Enhanced Occupational Outlook Handbook 2000-2001 ed. Caroline Levchuck. â€Å"How to Determine Your Salary Range†. 10-30-2004. Lussier, Don Job Search Secrets. Lincolnwood: NTC/Contemporary,1998 Wright, John W. The American Almanac of Jobs And Salaries 2000-2001 ed. â€Å"The Unacceptable Offer Negotiation Technique†. 10-31-2004. . â€Å" 10 Tricks for Negotiating a Higher Starting Salary†. June 20,2004. Employment Digest. 10-24-2004.

Pros and Cons On School Uniform

A crucial form of self expressions would be t o abolish school uniform. Ralph Wald Emerson stated the quote â€Å"None of us will ever accomplish anything excellent or commanding except when he listens to this whisper which is heard by him alone. † Selfishness is crucial because each student has their own clothing identification. It is to be announced that school uniform may del ay the transition into adulthood. â€Å"Life is full of transactions, and one of the more re marketable one occurs when we get ready to leave high school and go out in the world as young adults,† was spoken by the U. S.Department of Education. Adults should have their own choice of clothing. Wearing the school attire may have a detrimental effect on students Selfridges. There is a saying by Any Miracle which indicates â€Å"the only one can make Gonzalez 2 yourself happy. † When students wear the same gear, instead of having the pop opportunity to select clothes that suit the body type, c an suffer embarrassment at school. Having the freedom of expression helps not only in the age growth but also while in s school. Focusing so much on uniform takes away the attention from finding genuine lotions to problems in education.The push of uniform is driven by comer Call interest rather than educational ones. â€Å"Education must enable one to sift and weigh, t o discern the true from the false, the real from the unreal, and the facts from the fiction . The function of education, therefore is to teach on to think intensively and to thin k critically and essentially,† declared Martin Luther King Jar. In America we spend an aver GE of about one billion dollars on school uniform in just one year. It is proven that s dents that wear uniform tend to oppose of uniform.A 201 2 previewed study by researchers at the university of Nevada at Reno found that ninety percent of seventh and eighth grade public school students did not like wearing uniform. The MO re people that oppos e have less education because they focus more on taking uniform away than widening their education. On the website proton. Org expresses that â€Å"most PU bill schools with uniform policies are in poor neighborhoods, emphasizes the class deductions that uniforms were supposed eliminate. The use of school attire e emphasizes the socio economic divisions they are supposed to eliminate.Not all schools are the same but the ones that have uniform tend to lack focus on education. There's many reasons why uniforms should be eliminated but little have they truly put full s peculation the recognition their value. Gonzalez 3 Aside from convenience, there are other reasons to favor school uniform. Am Eng all those reasons one would be reducing peer pressure and bullying. On the website Stealth. Org says, â€Å"some kids give into peer pressure because they want to be liked, to fit in, or because they worry that other kids might make fun of them if they don't go long with the group. When all students are dressed similarly, the competition amongst students over the choice of clothes and the teasing of those who are dressed in less fashionable or less expensive outfits can be eliminated. An argument f or having school uniform is that they will bring conformity among students. In a person al Interview with Israel Pinion he revealed, â€Å"a school uniform is only comfortable during GA mess period. † Having student comfort themselves may result in increasing their owe n safety, comfort should be important in order to maximize learning outcomes.Although ugh many loud be against uniform not all have looked to see that it improves attendant CE and discipline. A 2010 study by researchers at the University of Houston found that t the average absence rate for girls in middle and high school decreased by seven percent. For most middle and high school is hard to get discipline and attendance info arced but uniform mightiest be the solution. School uniform may be a probable source o uneasiness for students considering that they need to make maximum use of their time in school.Just like there are cons on school uniform there are pros and one would be the at uniform may withdraw crime and boost student safety. Knowing uniform elm innate crimes, make students feel more confident. Eric Reverberant mentioned iconic dance and implied, â€Å"having confidence is on the most essential pieces of advice you'll race vive in life Gonzalez 4 that makes no sense if you've never done it. † When students feel confident, it helps them show up to school, it also helps their education performance exceed. Ha Vying uniforms, in school, may prevent the display of ongoing colors.According to a Center For Parent Information and Resources report in 201 3, almost 50% of students n high school say there are gang members at their schools. The elimination of gang c lord keep students focused on education and not as much on their clothes. Wear Eng uniform can enhance school pride, unity, and community spirit. In 2007 a study was m dad a University in the United Kingdom found that uniforms â€Å"often directly contribute et to a feeling of school pride. † (School Uniform) Being involved with school and the c immunity helps build networks and just might help later on in life.

Musical Theatre Essay

What is Musical theatre and what makes it different than any other theatre with music forms, especially Opera? Musical Theatre   The art of music, dance and drama have been linked together since the dawn of time and are still really connected with one another that it is inadvisable to try to tell the difference between them too definitely. Figure 1 – Musical Theatre Performance4 It is rare a production has no music in it whatsoever. Most plays either call for music or may be enhanced by the addition of music. The characters would play or sing, accompanying themselves or accompanied by others. The music in theatre plays in the distance or from on stage electronic source. Usually, live ensemble or live band plays music on stage or at the wing of the pit. The word ‘musical’ started life as an adjective rather than a noun, and there are some people who think it should stayed that way. Musical theatre is a form of theatre that combines songs, spoken dialogue, acting, and dance. The story and emotional content of the piece – humor, pathos, love, anger – are communicated through the words, music, movement and technical aspects of the entertainment as an integrated whole. Musical theatre in Europe dates back to the theatre of ancient Greece where music and dance was included in stage comedies and tragedies during the 5th century BCE. Itâ⠂¬â„¢s a development of musical comedy or opà ©rette. Theatre with song and dance became more popular in the 1600 -1700’s. Soon musical became very popular in France, Britain, and Germany. The music in musical theatre helps to support as a storytelling device. The songs that they use in the play would help to describe their situation or plot or simply describe their feelings.   Although musical theatre overlaps with other theatrical forms, it may be distinguished by the equal importance given to the music as compared with the dialogue, movement and other elements of the works. There are only slight differences between all of them, which make it very hard for the people that don’t know anything to distinguish them. Musicals are performed all around the world. They all have similar idea of the performance, just different styles. The countries that perform musical theatre a lot other than America are Netherlands, Italy, Sweden, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Russia, Turkey and China. Figure 2 – Broadway, New York 6 Figure 2 – Broadway, New York 6 They may be presented in large venues, such as big budget West End and Broadway theatre productions in London and New York, or in smaller fringe theatre, Off-Broadway or regional theatre productions, on tour, or by amateur groups in schools, theatres and other performance spaces. The staging for musical theater is not so different from the usual theatre staging. They just have to keep the stage pictures fluid and interesting, and give a central focus to the main character. One difficulty in musical theatre staging is the direct consequence of the use of amplification. The voice are miked and transmitted through speakers in a mix with the orchestral sound, so the audience won’t hear them acoustically. The costumes that they wear depend on the story that they’re telling. The thing about musical theatre is that it’s really free. As long as there are a lot of music and dancing and everything, it is considered a musical theatre. Doesn’t really matter how the stage looks like, or how do the actors dress up like, there are no boundaries. It goes according the type or story. Types Of Theatre With Music There are 7 types of theatres that are very similar or are considered as musical theatre; opera, operetta, comic opera, musical revue, musical comedy, musical play, and concept musical. Figure 3 – Opera Opera is the oldest form of musical theatre. It is â€Å"Total Music†, they do not speak at all, even in conversations. The show is all about the music as in, the music is the main focus and everything else in the production is secondary. Operetta’s music is lighter than operatic music. The singer or actor speaks lines rather than sings them. The plots are flimsy and serve only to connect one song to another. All the plot, character, and acting are incidental to the music. The music must be well written and actors have to be accomplished singers. Comic opera is the offshoot of an Operetta. It is usually humorous or satirical. It is also considered an opera with a happy ending and in which some of the text is spoken. Musical Revue is a type of multi act theatrical enter ­tain ­ment that uses any combination of music, dance and sketches. It is a loosely connected series of production numbers. Figure 4 – Guys and Dolls, an example of musical comedy 7 Musical comedy is a combination between the elements of musical revue and the elements of Operetta. The music is always the most important element. The plots are usually fairly weak. All the characters are more believable. Dialogue they use is clever because it’s also comedic and it has to be creative. The emphasis of Musical Play is on the character. There are real people in real life-like situations. Acting and choreography as well as music are integral to the production as a whole. It usually contains good story, clever dialogue, interesting characters, well-designed choreography, bouncy tunes, and also meaningful ballads. Concept musical is a musical where the show’s metaphor or statement is more important than the actual narrative. It was built around a single theatrical idea. The plot is secondary to situation. Usually, they are a series of independent scene loosely tied together. A director of a concept musical is more concerned about how the show is handled than what it has to say. Telling Opera and Musical Theatre Apart From the slight differences between all of these types of theatres mentioned, most people would still be confused with the difference of musical theatre and opera. Both forms can be comic or serious, long or short, ‘sung through’ or partly spoken. Both may or may not contain dance, choral singing, or other musical-related things like rhymes. Operas tending to be written in classical ‘long form’, with strong sense of overall thematic unity, and musical theatre tends to be written as a succession of ‘short form’ songs. Opera singers mostly use a highly developed head voice when they sing, while musical performers tends to sing more on the chest, but then again, not exclusively so. Musical theatre performers are usually required to sing eight shows a week, and they could not possibly sustain that number of performances without some electronic help, especially when they are competing with electronic instruments on stage. Opera singers rarely sing their roles more than twice or three times a week, almost always without amplification, but even this is starting to change because many opera houses sneaking in subtle forms of ‘voice enhancement’. Conclusion These inconsistent and often insignificant differences between the two forms are more associated with the way the works are perceived by their audiences than with any fundamental artistic quality they might have. Those differences have more to do with the manner in which the two forms are written and brought to the stage than anything fundamental to do with their form or content.